Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment

Asmiyenti, Djaliasrin Djalil (2015) Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment. Proceeding of The 1st University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto – Pharmacy International Conference.

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Abstract

The use of photosensitizers combined with visible non-toxic light has been known for more than hundreds of years, but now the application is just beginning to be widely used. This method is known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT was originally developed to treat cancer. The procedure requires photosensitizing drug exposure to cells followed by irradiation of visible light at the appropriate wavelength, usually in a red or near IR that compatible with the absorption spectrum of the drug. After the photon has been absorbed, the photosensitizer will be excited and undergoing a transition which will eventually appear in its excited triplet state. The triplet state will transfer its energy to the ground state oxygen and produce molecular oxygen singlet which then causes damage to the cancer cell. Various photosensitizer compounds have been developed since the discovery of the first generation photosensitizer, hematoporphyrin and its derivatives, which shows some limitations. The ideal photosensitizer should be a pure, stable compound, not toxic in the absence of light, can be localized in cancer cells with high selectivity, and can be eliminated from the body quickly to avoid generalized skin photosensitization. For these reasons, second generation (and then third generation) of photosensitizers have been developed.

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