Separation of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mengkudu Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) and its Hypoglycemic Activity by Glucose Tolerance Method

Shintia, Lintang Charisma and Yasmiwar, Susilawati and Ahmad, Muhtadi and Asman, Sadino (2019) Separation of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mengkudu Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) and its Hypoglycemic Activity by Glucose Tolerance Method. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 23 (9).

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Abstract

Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) is one of the Rubiaceae medicinal plant that has been used traditionally for lowering blood glucose level. Previous research showed that ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction gave significant hypoglycemic activity. The ethanolic extract of mengkudu fruit at a dose of 300 mg/kg b.w can increase plasma insulin levels in the group of diabetic rats induced streptozotocin 12.52 μU/mL, while the group was given glyclazide (dose 5 mg/kg bw) of 13.27 μU/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of mengkudu fruit also gave the best hypoglycemic activity (54.29%) followed by n-hexane fraction (34.18%) and water fraction (47.42%). at dose of 1200 mg/kg body weight on male Wistar rats. The aim of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic effect of ethyl acetate subfraction which was separated from ethyl acetate fraction by liquid vacuum chromatography. Subfraction which shows the strongest hypoglycemic effect, indicates that the subfraction contained hypoglycemic active compounds. Based on TLC profile, the subfractions were grouped into five subfractions (Mc-II-A, Mc-II-B, Mc-II-C, McII-D and Mc-II-E). The hypoglycemic effect of subfractions was evaluated on male mice by glucose tolerance method at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose level was measured at 30, 50, 90, 120 and 150 minutes after administration of subfractions. The subfractions Mc-II-A, Mc-II-B, Mc-II-C, Mc-II-D and Mc-II-E showed hypoglycemic effect at 150 minutes with reduction in relative blood glucose levels as 39.11%, 52.85%, 35.31% 43.55% and 33.78% respectively. The study showed that Mc-II-B subfraction indicates the highest hypoglycemic activity by glucose tolerance method.

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